Video signal transmission device, video signal output device, video signal reception device, video signal duplication control system, information superimposing/extraction device, and image recording medium

ABSTRACT

An image transmission method, image anti-duplication method, image anti-duplication device, and image recording medium in which information for anti-duplication control is superimposed on a video signal without deterioration of the resultant video signal and the information is extracted accurately and quickly to perform anti-duplication control. An output device starts generation of pseudo-noise (PN) corresponding to a PN code start timing signal generated based on a video sync signal. One chip interval of the PN code is divided into a plurality of divided chips corresponding to a PN code inversion timing signal HT, and an original value of a chip is inverted on an alternate one divided interval to generate a PN inversion code. An anti-duplication control signal is subjected to spectral spreading using the PN inversion code and superimposed on the video signal. In the recording device which receives the video signal from the output device, inversion spectral spreading is performed based on the PN inversion code generated in the same way as that generated in the output device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an image duplication control system forplaying back a video signal recorded on a recording medium, and limitingor preventing the reproduced video signal from being played back andrecorded on another recording medium. It also relates to an imageplayback device, image recording device and image recording medium onwhich a video signal is recorded which use this image duplicationcontrol system.

VTR (Video Tape recording devices) has been popularized in daily life,and many kinds of software which can be played back on a VTR aresupplied abundantly. Digital VTR or DVD (Digital Video Disks) playbackdevices have been available practically now, and provide images andsound of exceptionally high quality.

There is, however, a problem in that this great abundance of softwarecan be copied without restriction, and several methods have already beenproposed to inhibit duplication.

For example, for a VTR which outputs an analog video signal, one methodto prevent copying uses a difference in the AGC (Automatic Gain Control)system, or in the APC (Automatic Phase Control) system, of the VTRrecording device and of a monitor receiver which displays the image.

When the VTR employs AGC using a pseudo sync signal inserted in thevideo signal, a monitor receiver employs AGC which does not use thispseudo sync signal. In this anti-duplication method using a differencein the type of AGC, a very high level pseudo sync signal is inserted andoutput in the video signal supplied from the playback VTR to therecording VTR as an AGC sync signal.

When the VTR employs APC using the phase of a color burst in the videosignal, the monitor receiver uses a different type of APC. In ananti-duplication method using a difference in the type of APC, the phaseof the color burst in the video signal supplied from the playback VTR tothe recording VTR is partially inverted.

The monitor receiver which receives the analog video signal from theplayback VTR plays back the image correctly without being affected bythe high level pseudo sync signal in AGC or the partial phase inversionof the color burst signal in APC.

On the other hand, when a VTR records, on a recording medium, the analogvideo signal into which pseudo sync signals have been inserted or theanalog video signal which has been subjected to color burst signal phaseinverting control in the playback VTR as described herein above, propergain control or phase control based on the input signal cannot beperformed, and so the video signal is not correctly recorded. Even ifthis signal is played back, therefore, normal picture and sound cannotbe obtained.

In the case of a digitized video signal, for example, in a digital VTR,an anti-duplication signal or an anti-duplication control signalcomprising, for example, a duplication ranking control code, is added asdigital data to the video signal and recorded on the recording medium,so as to prevent or control duplication of the image.

In this case, the playback digital VTR reads the video signal, audiosignal and anti-duplication control signal, and supplies them as digitalor analog data to a recording digital VTR.

In the digital VTR being used as a recording device, theanti-duplication control signal is extracted from the supplied playbacksignal, and recording of the playback signal is then controlled based onthe anti-duplication control signal. For example, when theanti-duplication control signal comprises an anti-duplication signal,the recording VTR does not perform recording.

Alternatively, when the anti-duplication control signal comprises a copyranking control code, recording is controlled by this ranking controlcode. For example, when the copy ranking code limits duplication to onecopy, the digital VTR used for recording adds this anti-duplication codebefore recording the video signal and audio signal on the recordingmedium as digital data. It is thereinafter impossible to duplicate thevideo signal from the copy.

Hence, in the case of a digital connection when the video signal, theaudio signal, and the anti-duplication control signal used as digitalsignals are supplied to the digital VTR used as a recording device,anti-duplication control is performed on the recording side using theanti-duplication control signal by supplying this signal to the digitalVTR as digital data.

However, in the case of an analog connection where the video signal andaudio signal are supplied as analog signals, the anti-duplicationcontrol signal is lost when the signal supplied to the recording deviceis D/A converted. Hence, in the case of an analog connection, ananti-duplication control signal must be added to the D/A converted imageor sound signal, and this causes deterioration of the video signal andaudio signal.

It is, therefore, difficult to add an anti-duplication control signaland to extract it in the recorder for the purpose of anti-duplicationcontrol, without causing deterioration of the D/A converted video signalor audio signal.

Conventionally, therefore, in the case of an analog connection,duplication was prevented by an anti-duplication method using adifference in the AGC, or a difference in APC characteristics, betweenthe VTR and the monitor receiver as described herein above.

However, in some cases, when anti-duplication is prevented using theabove-mentioned difference in the AGC or a difference in APCcharacteristics between the VTR and the monitor receiver, depending onthe type of AGC or APC characteristics on the recording side, the videosignal may nevertheless be correctly recorded. In this case, it mighthappen that duplication cannot be prevented, or that the reproducedimage on the monitor receiver is distorted. Further, it was troublesometo change over the anti-duplication method depending on whether therewas an analog connection or a digital connection.

The inventors have already proposed an anti-duplication method in whicha spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal is superimposed onavideo signal (U.S. patent application No. 08175510). This method may beused for both digital connections and analog connections, and it causesno deterioration of the image or sound which is played back.

According to this method, when the original recording medium isfabricated, a PN (Pseudorandom Noise) sequence code (referred tohereinafter as PN code) used as a spreading code is generated with asufficiently short period and spectrally spread by multiplying it by theanti-duplication control signal. In this way, a narrow bandwidth, highlevel anti-duplication control signal is converted to a wideband, lowlevel signal which does not affect the video signal or sound signal.This spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal is thensuperimposed on the video signal supplied to the recording medium, andrecorded.

On the other hand, in the recording side, a PN code is generated at thesame timing and phase as the PN code used for spectral spreading in theplayback device relative to the video signal supplied by the playbackdevice. The generated PN code is multiplied by the video signal on whichthe anti-duplication control signal is superimposed so as to extract theoriginal anti-duplication control signal, that is, so as to performinversion spectral spreading. Anti-duplication is then controlled basedon the anti-duplication control signal extracted by inversion spectralspreading.

In this way, the anti-duplication control signal is spectrally spreadand superimposed on the video signal as a wideband, low level signal inthe playback device. It is therefore difficult for a person who wishesto illegally duplicate the video signal, to remove the anti-duplicationcontrol signal which is superimposed on it.

However, it is possible for a person who wants to prevent illegalduplication to detect the superimposed anti-duplication control signalby inversion spectral spreading, and use it. This anti-duplicationcontrol signal is therefore supplied to the recording device togetherwith the video signal. In the recording side, the anti-duplicationcontrol signal is detected, and duplication is consistently controlledaccording to the detected anti-duplication control signal.

According to this method, as described herein above, the spectrallyspread anti-duplication control signal is superimposed as a wideband,low level signal on the video signal, but it must be superimposed at alower S/N ratio than that of the video signal in order for the videosignal not to cause deterioration of the video signal.

To superimpose the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal ata lower S/N ratio than that of the video signal, and to be able todetect the anti-duplication control signal superimposed on the videosignal in the recording device, the number of the PN codes (PN codelength) required to spectrally spread a 1 bit anti-duplication controlsignal must be sufficiently large. The PN code length per bit of theanti-duplication control signal may also be expressed as a spread gain(spread factor) which is the ratio (T/TC) of a time width T per bit ofthe anti-duplication control signal and a time width TC of one part (onechip) of the PN code. As described hereinafter, this spread gain isfound from the S/N ratio of the information signal on which theanti-duplication control signal is superimposed, in this case the S/Nratio of the video signal.

For example, when the S/N ratio of the video signal on which theanti-duplication control signal is superimposed is 50 dB, theanti-duplication control signal which is spectrally spread andsuperimposed on the video signal must be superimposed at a lower levelthan 50 dB, which is the S/N ratio of the video signal. Also, in orderto detect the anti-duplication control signal superimposed on the videosignal, its S/N ratio must be sufficient for the spectrally spreadsignal to be fully demodulated. If this S/N ratio is 10 dB, a spreadgain of 60 dB (S/N ratio of 50 dB for the video signal)+(S/N ratio of 10dB necessary for detection) is required. In this case, the PN codelength per bit of the anti-duplication control signal is a 1 millioncode length.

The method used in the recording device to detect the PN codesuperimposed on the video signal uses a matched filter or a slidingcorrelation. In the former case, the PN code is detected quickly, butonly a short code length can be detected. At present, this code lengthis of the order of 256, and when the PN code length is 1 million per bitof the anti-duplication control signal, it cannot be detected. In thelatter case, PN codes of long length can be detected but the detectiontakes a long time. It can thus be anticipated that a considerable timeis required to detect a PN code having a length of 1 million.

Moreover, if the superimposition level of the spectrally spreadanti-duplication control signal is too high, the anti-duplicationcontrol signal causes serious visual interference and becomes remarkablevisually.

It is the object of this invention, in view of the above, to superimposethe additional information on a video signal for controlling duplicationof the video signal without causing deterioration, and to control suchduplication by accurately and quickly extracting this additionalinformation.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve the above-mentioned problem, the image transmission method inaccordance with the present invention described in claim 1 is the methodfor transmitting the analog video signal on which the spectrally spreadanti-duplication control signal is superimposed comprises the steps of:

generating the spreading code repeatedly every period synchronously withthe sync signal in the video signal,

generating the inversion spreading code which is chip inverted everydivided interval by dividing the chip interval of the above-mentionedspreading code into N (N is an integer of 2 or larger) divided intervalsand by inverting the original chip value on alternate one dividedinterval of the N divided intervals, and

performing spectral spreading on the anti-duplication control signalusing the above-mentioned inversion spreading code.

The image transmission method in accordance with the present inventiondescribed in claim 2 comprises the steps of:

receiving the analog video signal on which the spectrally spreadanti-duplication control signal is superimposed using the inversionspreading code composed of divided intervals which are chip invertedevery divided interval formed by dividing a chip interval of thespreading code repeated every prescribed period synchronously with thevideo sync signal into N (N is an integer of 2 or larger) dividedintervals and by inverting the value of the N divided intervals onalternate one divided interval,

generating the spreading code for inversion spreading which issynchronously with the sync signal in the received video signal and isrepeating every period which is equal to the above-mentioned prescribedperiod,

generating inversion spreading code for inversion spreading which ischip inverted every divided interval by dividing a chip interval of theabove-mentioned spreading code for inversion spreading into theabove-mentioned N divided intervals and by inverting the original chipvalue of the N divided intervals on alternate one divided intervalcorrespondingly to the above-mentioned inversion spreading code, and

performing inversion spectral spreading using the above-mentionedinversion spreading code for inversion spreading to extract theabove-mentioned anti-duplication control signal which is superimposed onthe above-mentioned video signal.

The image transmission method in accordance with the present inventiondescribed in claim 8 is the image transmission method for transmittingthe analog video signal on which the spectrally spread anti-duplicationcontrol signal is superimposed comprising the steps of:

generating the spreading code which repeats every first periodsynchronously with the sync signal in the video signal,

generating the inversion spreading code which is chip inverted everysecond period by inverting all the chip values of the above-mentionedspreading code on alternate one second period which is different fromthe above-mentioned first period, wherein the interval of theabove-mentioned video signal having a correlation is defined as oneperiod, and

performing spectral spreading on the above-mentioned anti-duplicationcontrol signal using the above-mentioned inversion spreading code.

The image transmission method in accordance with the present inventiondescribed in claim 10 comprises the steps of:

receiving the analog video signal on which the spectral spreadinganti-duplication control signal is superimposed using the inversionspreading code which is chip inverted every one period of theabove-mentioned second period in which all the chip values of thespreading code repeated every first period synchronously with the syncsignal in the video signal are inverted in the interval repeated onalternate one period of the second period which is different from theabove-mentioned first period, wherein the interval of theabove-mentioned video signal having a correlation is defined as oneperiod,

generating the spreading code for inversion spreading which repeatsevery first period synchronously with the sync signal in the receivedvideo signal,

generating the inversion spreading code for inversion spreading which ischip inverted every second period by inverting all the chip value of theabove-mentioned spreading code in the interval repeating on alternateone period equal to the above-mentioned second period synchronously withthe above mentioned second period in which all the chips of theabove-mentioned spreading code for inversion spreading is inverted, and

performing inversion spectral spreading using the above-mentionedinversion spreading code for inversion spreading to extract theabove-mentioned anti-duplication control signal superimposed on theabove-mentioned video signal.

According to the image transmission method in accordance with thepresent invention described in claim 1, in the output side, thespreading code repeats every prescribed period synchronously with thevideo sync signal. The chip interval of the spreading code is divided,for example, into two divided intervals, the value of the dividedintervals is inverted on an alternate one divided interval, and theinversion spreading code which is chip inverted every divided intervalis generated. The anti-duplication control signal is spectrally spreadusing this inversion spreading code and superimposed on the videosignal, and outputted.

According to the image transmission method in accordance with thepresent invention described in claim 2, the spreading code for inversionspreading repeated every period equal to the above-mentioned prescribedperiod is used at the output side synchronously with the sync signal inthe received video signal received from the output side. The chipinterval of the spreading code is divided, for example, into two dividedintervals as in the same way as described for the output side, the valueof these divided intervals is inverted on an alternate one dividedinterval.

Thereby, the inversion spreading code for inversion spreading which ischip inverted every divided interval is generated as in the output side,and inversion spectral spreading is performed using the inversionspreading code for inversion spreading. The anti-duplication controlsignal which is superimposed on the video signal is extracted byperforming the inversion spectral spreading, and anti-duplicationcontrol of the video signal is performed based on the extractedanti-duplication control signal.

As described herein above, in the inversion spectral spreading of thevideo signal performed in the reception side, inversion spectralspreading should be performed using the same spreading code as used inspectral spreading in the output side performed on the video signalsupplied from the output side.

As described herein above, the spreading code is generated so as torepeat every prescribed period synchronously with the video sync signalseparated from the video signal. As a result, corresponding to the videosync signal, the spreading code for inversion spreading generated in thereception side is generated at the same timing as that of the spreadingcode used for spectral spreading in the output side.

Further, each chip interval of the spreading code used for spectralspreading in the output side and the spreading code for inversionspreading to be generated in the reception side are divided into aplurality of divided intervals, and the divided intervals are chipinverted on an alternate one divided interval so that the polarity isinverted every one divided interval. Herein, the term chip inversion isdefined as the operation that the original chip value is inverted. Forexample, in the case that the original chip value is “1”, the value ischanged to “0” by chip inversion, and conversely in the case that theoriginal chip value is “0”, the value is changed to “1” by chipinversion.

Therefore, in the case that one chip interval is divided into fourdivided intervals, and if the chip is chip inverted on an alternate onedivided interval and the value of the chip is “1”, then the value of therespective divided intervals is “1, 1, 1, 1” and then the value ischanged to “1, 0, 1, 0” by inverting the value on an alternate onedivided interval. In the same way, if the value of the chip is “0”, thevalue of the respective divided intervals is “0, 0, 0, 0”, and then thevalue is changed to “0, 1, 0, 1” by inverting the value on an alternateone divided interval. As a result, the inversion spreading code havingthe polarity differentiated every one divided interval is generated.

In the reception side, in the same way as performed in the output side,one chip is divided into a plurality of divided intervals, inversionspectral spreading is performed using the spreading code for inversionspreading which is the chip inverted so that the polarity isdifferentiated every one divided interval, and the additionalinformation which is spectrally spread and superimposed on the videosignal is detected.

When inversion spectral spreading is performed, the playback signalincluding the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal ismultiplied by the inversion spreading code having the polaritydifferentiated every one divided interval as described herein above, andresults are integrated, thereby the anti-duplication control signalsuperimposed on the playback signal is extracted. In this case, becausethe inversion spreading code having the polarity differentiated everyone divided interval is multiplied by the playback signal, the polarityof the video signal component in the playback signal is inverted everyone divided interval.

The video signal is a signal having a high correlation between adjacentpixels. Therefore, in integral processing for inversion spectralspreading, the video signal component having the polarity differentiatedalternately in one chip is canceled by integration and is offset.

For example, in the case that one chip interval of the spreading codecorresponds to two pixels of the video signal, the polarity of thespreading code and video signal is inverted between adjacent pixels. Inthis case, because the correlation of the video signal corresponding tothe adjacent pixels having the opposite polarity is high, these videosignal components having the opposite polarity cancel each other andoffset. In other words, by utilizing the correlation in the horizontalscanning line direction of the video signal, the video signal componentis canceled every divided interval formed by dividing one chip intervalinto a plurality of divided intervals when inversion spectral spreadingis performed, and the anti-duplication control signal is detectedeasily.

As described herein above, because the polarity is inverted everydivided interval formed by dividing one chip interval into a pluralityof divided intervals, even in the case of the active dynamic image, thevideo signal component is canceled efficiently when inversion spectralspreading is performed as described herein above, and theanti-duplication control signal is extracted accurately and quickly.

Thereby, the additional information which is spectrally spread andsuperimposed on the video signal is detected and the detectionefficiency of the additional information is improved without adverseeffect of the high level video signal component. Accordingly, thedetection efficiency of the additional information superimposed on thevideo signal is improved and the spread gain is reduced.

Because one chip interval of the spreading code is divided into aplurality of divided intervals and the value of these divided intervalsis inverted on an alternate one divided interval, the polarity of theanti-duplication control signal to be superimposed on the video signalis inverted correspondingly to the multiplied spreading code. In thiscase, a brightness change of the anti-duplication control signalsuperimposed on the video signal is inverted between adjacentanti-duplication control signals having opposite polarity like thepolarity inversion of every field and polarity inversion of everyhorizontal scanning interval of a color sub-carrier of the color videosignal, and the anti-duplication control signal is averaged anddiminished visually. Thus, the visual interference of the played backimage due to superimposition of the anti-duplication control signal isdiminished visually.

According to the video signal transmission method in accordance with thepresent invention described in claim 8, for example, the spreading codewhich repeats every first period synchronously with the vertical syncsignal in the video signal is generated, and all the chips of thespreading code in the interval repeated on an alternate one period ofthe second period which is different from the first period and issynchronous, for example, with a horizontal signal are inverted. Theanti-duplication control signal is spectrally spread using the inversionspreading code generated as described herein above, and superimposed onthe video signal and outputted.

According to the video signal transmission method in accordance with thepresent invention described in claim 10, like the inversion spreadingcode which is generated by spectrally spreading the anti-duplicationcontrol signal superimposed on the received video signal, for example,the spreading code for inversion spreading which repeats every sameperiod as the first period synchronously with the vertical sync signalis generated.

Then, the inversion spreading code for inversion spreading having allthe chips of the spreading code for inversion spreading inverted in thesame interval as that of the inversion spreading code which is generatedby spectrally spreading the anti-duplication control signalsynchronously with the above-mentioned second period is generated.Inversion spectral spreading is performed using the inversion spreadingcode for inversion spreading, and the anti-duplication control signalsuperimposed on the video signal is extracted. The anti-duplicationcontrol of the video signal is performed using the extractedanti-duplication control signal.

Thereby, like the image transmission method described in theabove-mentioned claim 1 and claim 2, the spreading code can be generatedat the same timing as the video sync signal in both the output side andreception side of the video signal.

In both the output side and reception side, all the chip values of thespreading code in the interval repeated every one period of theabove-mentioned second period are inverted, and spectral spreading andinversion spectral spreading are performed using the inversion spreadingcode which is chip inverted every one period of the second period. As aresult, the video signal component of the playback signal multiplied bythe inversion spreading code for inversion spectral spreading has thepolarity inverted every one period of the second period. the videosignal component having the polarity inverted every one period of thesecond period is offset by integration, and the additional informationsuperimposed on the video signal can be extracted without adverse effectof the video signal component. Thus, the detection efficiency of theanti-duplication control signal which is spectrally spread andsuperimposed on the video signal is improved.

Also as described herein above, the polarity of the anti-duplicationcontrol signal to be superimposed on the video signal is invertedcorrespondingly to the spreading code to be multiplied. Therefore,because a brightness change of the anti-duplication control signalsuperimposed on the video signal is inverted between adjacentanti-duplication control signals having opposite polarity, theanti-duplication control signal is averaged and diminished visually.Thus, the visual interference of the played back image due to thesuperimposed anti-duplication control signal is diminished visually.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram for illustrating one embodiment of a videosignal output device to which the image transmission method of theinvention is applied.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram for illustrating one embodiment of a videosignal recording device to which the image transmission method isapplied.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram for illustrating an exemplary PN codegenerator of the image output device and the image recording deviceshown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a diagram for describing an example of a PN code start timingsignal.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for describing an example of a PN code generator.

FIGS 6A to 6D are diagrams for describing an example of an inversiontiming of a PN code chip in the image output device and image recordingdevice to which the image transmission method of the present inventionis applied.

FIGS. 7A to 7C are diagrams for describing an example of a PN code chipinversion timing and PN inversion code in the image output device andimage recording device to which the image transmission method of thepresent invention is applied.

FIGS. 8A to 8D are diagrams for describing another example of a PN codechip inversion timing and PN inversion code in the image output deviceand image recording device to which the image transmission method of thepresent invention is applied.

FIGS. 9A to 9C are diagrams for describing further another example of aPN code chip inversion timing in the image output device and imagerecording device to which the image transmission method of the presentinvention is applied.

FIGS. 10A to 10C are diagrams for describing yet another example of a PNcode chip inversion timing in the image output device and imagerecording device to which the image transmission method of the presentinvention is applied.

FIGS. 11A to 11C are diagrams for describing another example of a PNcode generation start timing in the image output device and imagerecording device to which the image transmission method of the presentinvention is applied.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

An embodiment of the image transmission method, image anti-duplicationmethod, image anti-duplication device, and image recording medium of thepresent invention will be described in detail hereinafter with referenceto the drawings.

In the following description of the embodiment, it will be assumed thatthe image playback device and image recording device are used as animage anti-duplication device of the present invention. Also it isassumed that both the image playback device and image recording deviceare devices used as a recording/playback device of a DVD (Digital VideoDisc) (referred to as DVD device hereinafter). To simplify thedescription, the audio signal system will be omitted.

As will be described in detail hereinafter, in the image duplicationcontrol system described below, an anti-duplication control signal issuperimposed as additional information in the information playbackdevice using a PN (Pseudorandom Noise) sequence code (PN code). Thiscode is spectrally spread with inversion in the information recordingdevice so as to extract the anti-duplication control signal which isused to control duplication of the video signal.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are drawings for describing an image output device(referred to simply as output device hereinafter) 10 and an imagerecording device (referred to simply as recording device hereinafter) 20used in an image anti-duplication system according to this embodiment.In other words, the output device 10 corresponds to the output system ofa DVD device, and the recording device 20 corresponds to the recordingsystem of a DVD device.

In FIG. 1, on a recording medium 100 that is a DVD in this case,digitized images and audio signals are recorded together with ananti-duplication control signal as additional information. Theanti-duplication control signal may be recorded on the innermost oroutermost TOC or a track area known as the directory, or it may beinserted on a track in which image data or audio data is recorded,namely, on the area different from the data recording area. Hereinafter,an example of the latter case that the anti-duplication control signalis read out at the same time as the video signal is described.

In this embodiment, to simplify the description, the anti-duplicationcontrol signal is a 1 bit signal for indicating inhibition or permissionof a video signal duplication, and the anti-duplication control signalmay be a signal for limiting the number of duplications such as a signalfor permitting only the first duplication. The anti-duplication controlsignal is added in the video signal. The recording medium 100 is mountedon the output device 10, and the recorded signal is read out.

As shown in FIG. 1, the playback device 10 comprises a read-out unit 11,demodulator, 12, anti-duplication control signal extractor 13, syncseparator 14, PN code generator 15, PN code inverter 16, spectrallyspread anti-duplication control signal generator (referred to as SShereinafter (SS is an abbreviation of spectral spreading)anti-duplication control signal generator) 17, adder 18 and D/Aconversion circuits 191, 192.

The read-out unit 11 extracts a playback video signal component S2 fromthe playback signal S1 obtained from the recording medium 100, andsupplies it to the demodulator 12 and anti-duplication control signalextractor 13.

The demodulator 12 demodulates the playback video signal component S2,generates a digital video signal, and supplies it to the D/A conversioncircuit 191. The D/A conversion circuit 191 converts the digital videosignal to an analog video signal S2A comprising a sync signal, andsupplies the result to the sync separator 14 and adder 18.

The anti-duplication control signal extractor 13 extracts ananti-duplication control signal S3 added to the playback video signalcomponent S2, and supplies the extracted anti-duplication control signalS3 to the SS anti-duplication control signal generator 17.

The sync separator 14 removes a video sync signal S4 from the analogvideo signal S2A, and supplies the result to the PN code generator 15.According to this embodiment, a horizontal sync signal is used as thevideo sync signal S4.

The PN code generator 15 generates a PN code (spreading code) using thehorizontal sync signal S4 as a reference and forms various timingsignals to be used in other processors. In detail, the PN code generator15 functions as a spreading code generation means for generating aspreading code for spectral spreading.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram for describing the PN code generator 15 of theoutput device 10. As shown in FIG. 3, the PN code generator 15 comprisesa PN code start timing signal generator 151, PLL circuit 152, PN codegenerator 153, and PN code inversion timing signal generator 154. Thehorizontal sync signal S4 extracted in the sync separator 14 is suppliedto the PN code start timing signal generator 151 of the PN codegenerator 15, the PLL circuit 152, and the PN code inversion timingsignal generator 154.

The PN code start timing signal generator 151 generates a PN code starttiming signal T1 (FIG. 4B) showing the timing at which the PN codestarts to be generated, based on the horizontal sync signal S4 (FIG.4A). The generated PN code start timing signal T1 is supplied to the PNcode generator 153.

The PN code start timing signal T1 starts generation of PN code whichrepeats every one horizontal interval (described as 1 H in the figure)based on the front end of the horizontal sync signal S4.

The PLL circuit 152 generates a clock signal CLK based on the horizontalsync signal S4 supplied to it, and the clock signal is supplied to thePN code generator 153. The PLL circuit 152 generates a clock signal CLKof which the frequency is 250 kHz, as described hereinafter.

The PN code generator 153 determines the timing at which the PN codestarts to be generated by the PN code start timing signal T1, generatesa PN code S5 according to this clock signal CLK, and outputs the result.

FIG. 5 is a diagram for illustrating an example of the PN code generator153. The PN code generator shown in FIG. 5 comprises an edge detectioncircuit DET, six D flip-flops REG1 to REG6, and an exclusive OR circuitEX-OR. When it receives the PN code start timing signal T1, clock signalCLK, and enable signal EN as a reset signal, it generates the PN code S5comprising 63 chips per horizontal interval. In this case, the edgedetection circuit DET detects, for example, the rising edge of the PNcode start timing signal T1, and starts generation of the PN code everyone horizontal interval as shown in FIGS. 4A-4B.

In this case, when the clock rate is of the order of 1 MHz, one periodof the PN code is 63/1=63 μs, so 63 chip PN codes can effectively becontained in one horizontal interval (16.7 μs) . Also, by using the PNcode start timing signal T1 as a reset signal, a PN code having apre-determined code pattern is generated every 1 H from the head.

The PN code inversion timing signal generator 154 generates and outputsa PN code inversion timing signal HT for inverting the PN code based onthe horizontal sync signal S4. The PN code inversion timing signal HTdivides one chip that is one chip of the PN code into a plurality ofdivided chips, and the value of the PN code is inverted every pluralityof divided intervals. Herein one chip of the PN code is divided into twohalf chips, and the value of the PN code is inverted every dividedinterval.

FIGS. 6A to 6D are diagrams for illustrating the relation between the PNcode S5, clock signal CLK, and PN code inversion timing signal HTgenerated in the PN code generator 15.

FIG. 6A shows the PN code S5 which generates in response to thegeneration start timing supplied from the PN code start timing signal T1(FIG. 6B) and is generated based on the clock signal CLK (FIG. 6C). FIG.6D shows an example of the PN code inversion timing signal HT.

As shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C, the PN code generation starts based onthe rising edge of the PN code start timing signal T1, and one chip ofthe PN code is generated based on the rising of the clock signal CLK(FIG. 6C). The PN code inversion timing signal HT shown in FIG. 6D isgenerated in the PN code inversion timing signal generator 154. In thiscase, the PN code inversion timing signal HT functions to divide onechip into two divided chips so that the value of the PN code is invertedevery ½ chip.

The PN code S5 generated in the PN code generator 15 as described hereinabove and PN code inversion timing signal HT are supplied to the PN codeinverter 16.

Based on the inversion timing signal HT, the PN code inverter 16controls whether or not to inverse the value of the PN code S5 from thePN code generator 15 and generates a PN inversion code S6. As describedherein above, the inversion timing signal HT is the signal which invertsevery horizontal interval, and the PN code inverter 16 inverts, forexample, the value of the PN code S5 in the interval where the inversiontiming signal HT is in high level.

For example, when inversion processing of the value of the PN codestring is performed based on the PN code inversion timing signal HT(FIG. 7B) which inverts the PN code string shown in FIG. 7A every ½chip, one chip is divided into two divided chips and the value of the PNcode is inverted every ½ chip.

In detail, each chip of the PN code is divided into two divided chipsand chip inversion occurs on an alternate divided interval. Therefore,if the PN code is “1”, the PN code is divided into two and is changed to“1, 1”, and this is subjected to chip inversion on an alternate dividedinterval, then changed to “1, 0”. Similarly, if the PN code is “0”, thePN code is divided into two and is changed to “0, 0”, and this issubjected to chip inversion on an alternate divided interval, thenchanged to “0, 1”.

As shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, the value of the PN code is invertedcorrespondingly to the high level interval of the PN code inversiontiming signal HT and low level interval. The PN inversion signal S6generated in the PN code inverter 16 is supplied to the SSanti-duplication control signal generator 17.

The SS anti-duplication control signal generator 17 spectrally spreadsthe anti-duplication control signal S3 using the PN inversion code S6 soas to generate a spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal S7,and supplies it to the D/A conversion circuit192. The D/A conversioncircuit 192 converts the spectrally spread signal S7 to an analog signalS7A, and supplies it to the adder 18.

The adder 18 superimposes the analog spectrally spread signal S7A on theanalog video signal S2A, and generates and outputs a video signal S8A.The adder 18 therefore functions as superimposing means forsuperimposing the spectrally spread signal S7A, which is ananti-duplication control signal that has been spectrally spread by thePN inversion code S6, on the analog video signal S2A.

The analog output video signal S8A, formed by superimposing thespectrally spread anti-duplication control signal on the analog videosignal, is then supplied to a monitor receiver which displays an imageor to the recording device 20 which will be described hereinafter.

Next, the recording device 20 which receives the video signal S8A fromthe above-mentioned playback device 10 and records it will be described.As shown in FIG. 2, the recording device 20 in this embodiment comprisesan encoder 21, sync separator 22, PN code generator 23, PN code inverter24, detector 25 for detecting the anti-duplication control signal whichhas been spectrally spread and superimposed on the video signal(referred to as SS anti-duplication control signal detectorhereinafter), duplication controller 26 which performs control so as topermit or inhibit duplication, write unit 27 and A/D conversion circuit291. The recording medium 200 is, for example, a DVD on which the videosignal is written by the recording device 20.

The video signal S8A from the playback device 10 is converted to adigital video signal S8 by the A/D conversion circuit 291, and suppliedto the encoder 21, sync separator 22, and SS anti-duplication controlsignal detector 25.

The encoder 21 receives the digital video signal S8, removes the videosync signal, and performs encoding operations such as data compressionof the digital video signal, and the encoder 21 generates a digitalvideo signal S9 for recording which is supplied to the recording medium200 via the write unit 27.

The sync separator 22 removes the video sync signal S11 from the digitalvideo signal S8 prior to encoding operations, and supplies it to the PNcode generator 23. In the recording device 20, a horizontal sync signalis used as the video sync signal S11 as in the above-mentioned playbackdevice 10.

The PN code generator 23 has the same structure as the PN code generator15 of the playback device 10 which was described referring to FIG. 3,and is equivalent to the PN code start timing signal generator 151, PLLcircuit 152, PN code generator 153 shown in FIG. 5 and PN code inversiontiming signal generator 154. The following description therefore assumesthat the PN code generator 23 has the structure of FIG. 3.

In the PN code generator 23, as in the PN code generator 15 of theabove-mentioned playback device 10, the PN code start timing signal T1,which starts generation of the PN code every horizontal interval, isgenerated by the PN code start timing signal generator 151, and a clocksignal CLK having a frequency of 1 MHz is generated by the PLL circuit152. The PN code start timing signal T1 and the clock signal CLK aresupplied to the PN code generator 153.

Using the PN code start timing signal T1 and the clock signal CLK, thePN code generator 153 generates the PN code S5 (S12 in FIG. 2).Specifically, the PN code S12 is generated with the same start timingrelative to the video signal S8 as the PN code S5 generated in theplayback device 10.

The PN code inversion timing signal generator 154 of the PN codegenerator 23 generates the inversion timing signal HT used in the PNcode inverter 24. This inversion timing signal HT is a signal which isinverted every divided interval which has been formed by dividing a chipinto two as described herein above.

The PN code S12 and inversion timing signal HT generated in the PN codegenerator 23 are supplied to the PN code inverter 24.

Similarly to the PN code inverter 16 of the output device 10 describedherein above, the PN code inverter 24 inverts the value of the PN codeS12 supplied by the PN code generator 23 on an alternate ½ chipaccording to the PN code inversion timing signal HT so as to generate aPN inversion code S13. The PN inversion code S13 is therefore generatedas the same signal as the PN inversion code S6 generated in the outputdevice 10 relative to the video signal S8.

The PN inversion code S13 is supplied to the SS anti-duplication controlsignal detector 25. The PN inversion code S13 is used as a referencesignal of inversion spectral spreading for extracting theanti-duplication control signal which is spread spectrally andsuperimposed on the video signal S8.

The SS anti-duplication control signal detector 25 functions asinversion spectral spreading means. By performing inversion spectralspreading using the PN inversion code S13, it extracts theanti-duplication control signal which has been spread and superimposedon the video signal S8, and supplies it to the duplication controller 26as an anti-duplication control signal S14.

Specifically, in the SS anti-duplication control signal detector 25,inversion spectral spreading is performed using the PN inversion codeS13 which is generated at the same start timing and same inversiontiming as the PN inversion code S6 used for spectral spreading in theoutput device 10 relative to the video signal S8 on which the spectrallyspread anti-duplication control signal is superimposed, and inversionspectral spreading is performed.

In this inversion spectral spreading, as described herein above, theanti-duplication control signal superimposed on the video signal S8 isextracted by multiplying the PN inversion code S13 by the video signalS8 comprising the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal, andintegrating the result. In the inversion spectral spreading, thepolarity of the video signal S8 is inverted every ½ chip because the PNinversion code S13 is multiplied.

As described herein above, in this embodiment, 63 chip PN codes aregenerated per 1 H. One chip PN code corresponds to a video signal ofapproximately 8 pixels. In the case that the value of the PN code isinverted on alternate ½ chips, the polarity of the video signal changeson alternate four pixels.

The video signal is a signal having a high correlation between adjacentpixels. Therefore, by performing integration as part of the process ofinversion spectral spreading, video signal components of differentpolarity of alternate ½ chips cancel each other out, and are therebyeliminated, and the anti-duplication control signal superimposed on thevideo signal is extracted without adverse effect of the video signalcomponent.

By canceling out the high level video signal, the anti-duplicationcontrol signal, which is spectrally spread and superimposed on the videosignal, can be accurately and quickly extracted. The anti-duplicationcontrol signal S14 extracted by the SS anti-duplication control signaldetector 25 in this way is supplied to the duplication controller 26.

The duplication controller 26 decodes the anti-duplication controlsignal S14 and determines whether duplication is to be inhibited orpermitted. Based on this determination result, a write control signalS15 is generated and supplied to the write unit 27 so as to permit orinhibit writing of the video signal S9.

When the write control signal S15 permits writing, the write unit 27writes the video signal S9 on the recording medium 200, and when thewrite control signal inhibits writing, the write unit 27 does not writethe video signal S9 on the recording medium 200.

Hence, in the image duplication control system of this embodiment, bystarting generation of the PN code every vertical interval based on thehorizontal sync signal, generation of the PN code starts at the sametiming relative to the video signal in the output device 10 andrecording device 20. Moreover, by using a PN code of inverted polarityto the PN code on alternate ½ chips in both the output device 10 andrecording device 20, video signal components are canceled out duringinversion spectral spreading in the recording device 20 as describedherein above, and the anti-duplication control signal which issuperimposed on the video signal can be quickly and accurately extractedregardless of the high level video signal component.

Consequently, the anti-duplication control signal S14 which isspectrally spread and superimposed on the video signal S8 is detectedwith higher efficiency, and the spread gain may be reduced.

Because the anti-duplication control signal which is spectrally spreadby the PN inversion code the value of which is inverted on alternate ½chips in the same chip is superimposed on the video signal, the polarityof the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal obtained bymultiplying this PN inversion code is also inverted similarly onalternate ½ chips. Therefore, the brightness of the super-imposedanti-duplication control signal is changed inversely on alternate ½chips in one chip.

The brightness variation of anti-duplication control signals of chipinversion in one chip is therefore averaged out, so thatanti-duplication control signal components are not remarkable visuallyeven when the video signal, on which the anti-duplication control signalis superimposed, is played back.

According to this embodiment, the value of the PN code is inverted onalternate ½ chips, the present invention is by no means limited to thisembodiment. For example, one chip may be divided into four and the valueof the PN code is inverted on alternate ¼ chips.

In detail, as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D, each PN code (FIG. 8A) which isgenerated correspondingly to the clock signal CLK (FIG. 8B) is dividedinto four, and the PN code inversion timing signal HT (FIG. 8C) whichinverts the PN code on alternate ¼ chips is generated. As shown in FIG.8D, if the PN code of a chip is “1”, then the PN code is divided intofour by the PN code inversion timing signal HT (FIG. 8C) namely “1, 0,1, 0”, on the other hand, if the PN code of a chip is “0”, then the PNcode is divided into “0, 1, 0 1”.

As described herein above, it is possible to divide one chip into fourand the PN code value is inverted on alternate ¼ chips, or it is alsopossible to divide one chip into more divided chips than two and the PNcode is inverted more frequently than in the case of two divided chips.The polarity of adjacent video signals having a higher correlation canbe differentiated, and the video signal component is canceled moreeffectively.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the case in which the value of the PNcode is inverted in one chip is described, however the present inventionis by no means limited to this case. For example, the PN code isgenerated so that consecutive several chips have the same data, and thePN code value may be inverted every chip. For example, the PN code valueis the same for consecutive two or four chips, and the PN code value isinverted on an alternate chip.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, cases that one chip is divided intotwo and that one chip is divided into four are described, however, thepresent invention is by no means limited to these cases, for example,the PN code of one chip may be divided into divided chips of aprescribed number such as six or eight.

Further, for example, in the case that a one pixel video signalcorresponds to the PN code of one chip, the video signal component canbe canceled every pixel because the PN code value can be inverted in thesame pixel.

On the other hand, in the case that a plurality of pixels corresponds tothe PN code of one chip, the video signal component can be canceledeffectively between adjacent pixels. For example, in the case that thevideo signal of eight pixels corresponds to the PN code of one chip, ifthe PN code of one chip is divided into eight, then the video signalcomponent between adjacent pixels can cancel each other. Of course, evenif the PN code of one chip is divided into two or four, the video signalcan be canceled effectively because the video signal of high correlationis canceled.

Further, by inverting the PN code value a plurality of times in the PNcode of one chip, for example, even if the spectrally spreadanti-duplication control signal is superimposed on a quick movingdynamic image, the video signal component can be canceled in aprocessing unit of a divided interval which is formed by dividing the PNcode of one chip into a plurality of divided chips, and the video signalcomponent is canceled efficiently.

Next, another embodiment of the image duplication control system inaccordance with the present invention is described. In theabove-mentioned embodiment, the generation of the PN code starts everyone horizontal interval and the PN code of one chip is divided into aplurality of intervals, and the PN code value is inverted on analternate one divided interval in one chip, however in the embodimentdescribed hereinafter, generation of the PN code starts every onehorizontal interval, and the value of each chip of the PN code isinverted on an alternate one vertical interval.

The output device and recording device in this embodiment have the samestructure as the output device 10 and recording device 20 shown in FIG.1 and FIG. 2. However, operation of the PN code generator 15 of theoutput device 10 and operation of the PN code generator 23 of therecording device 20 are different in this embodiment. First, the outputdevice 10 of this embodiment is described with reference to FIG. 1.

Similarly to the above-mentioned embodiment, the playback video signalcomponent S2 from the read out unit 11 is supplied to the demodulator 12and anti-duplication control signal extractor 13. The demodulator 12performs demodulation processing and a digital video signal including async signal is generated. The digital video signal is converted into ananalog video signal S2A by the D/A conversion circuit 191. The analogvideo signal S2A is supplied to the adder 18 and sync separator 14.

The anti-duplication control signal extractor 13 extracts theanti-duplication control signal S3 from the playback video signalcomponent S2 as described herein above, and supplies it to the SSanti-duplication control signal generator 17.

The sync separator 14 of this embodiment extracts the horizontal syncsignal and vertical sync signal from the video signal S2A and suppliesthem to the PN code generator 15.

The PN code generator 15 is provided with the PN code start timingsignal generator 151, PLL circuit 152, PN code generator 153, PN codeinversion timing signal generator 154 as described herein above withreference to FIG. 3. In this embodiment, the horizontal sync signal issupplied to the PN code start timing signal generator 151 and PLLcircuit 152, and the vertical sync signal is supplied to the PN codeinversion timing signal generator 154.

As described herein above with reference to FIG. 4, the PN code starttiming signal generator 151 generates the PN code start timing signal T2for starting generation of PN code every one horizontal interval basedon the supplied horizontal sync signal. Similarly to the PN code starttiming signal generator 151, the PLL circuit 152 generates the clocksignal CLK having, for example, a frequency of 1 MHz based on thehorizontal sync signal.

The PN code start timing signal T2 and clock signal CLK are supplied tothe PN code generator 153. The PN code generator 153 generates the PNcode S5 of 63 chips every one horizontal interval in the same way as inthe above-mentioned embodiment correspondingly to the PN code starttiming signal T1 and clock signal CLK.

In this embodiment, the vertical sync signal is supplied to the PN codeinversion timing signal generator 154. The PN code inversion timingsignal generator 154 generates the PN code inversion timing signal HT2based on the vertical sync signal.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for illustrating an example of the PN code inversiontiming signal HT2 in this embodiment. The PN code inversion timingsignal HT2 of two vertical periods generated based on the front end ofthe vertical sync signal (FIG. 9A) shown either in FIG. 9B or shown inFIG. 9C may be used. In other words, the PN code may be subjected tochip inversion in either an odd field or an even field.

The PN code S5 and PN code inversion timing signal HT2 generated in thePN code generator 15 are supplied to the PN code inverter 16. The PNcode inverter 16 generates the PN inversion code S6 that all chips ofthe PN code S5 in the vertical interval are inverted on an alternate onevertical interval based on the PN code inversion timing signal HT2, andsupplies it to the SS anti-duplication control signal generator 17.Therefore, all the PN codes generated in the vertical interval aresubjected to chip inversion on an alternate one vertical interval.

The SS anti-duplication control signal generator 17 spectrally spreadsthe anti-duplication control signal from the anti-duplication controlsignal extractor 13 using the PN inversion code S6 to generate thespectrally spread signal S7 of the anti-duplication control signal, andsupplies it to the D/A conversion circuit 192. The D/A conversioncircuit 192 converts the spectrally spread signal S7 to an analogspectrally spread signal S7A and supplies it to the adder 18.

The adder 18 generates a video signal S8A by superimposing the analogspectrally spread signal S7A on the video signal S2A, and supplies it toa monitor receiver and the recording device 20 in this embodiment.

As described herein above, in the output device 10 used in thisembodiment, generation of the PN code is started every one horizontalinterval, and the PN inversion code S6 that the chip of the PN code isinverted on an alternate one vertical interval is generated, andspectral spreading is performed on the anti-duplication control signalusing the PN inversion code S6. In this embodiment, by using both thehorizontal sync signal and vertical sync signal, the output device 10differentiates the period of start timing of the PN code generation fromthe period of inversion timing for inverting the chip of the PN code.

Next, the recording device 20 of this embodiment is described withreference to FIG. 2. The sync separator 22, PN code generator 23, and PNcode inverter 24 of the recording device 20 of this embodiment arestructured in the same way as the sync separator 14, PN code generator15, and PN code inverter 16 of the output device of this embodiment.

The video signal S8A supplied from the output device 10 of thisembodiment is converted into a digital video signal S8 by the A/Dconversion circuit 291, and the digital video signal S8 is supplied tothe encoder 21, sync separator 22, and SS anti-duplication controlsignal detector 25.

As described herein above, the encoder 21 receives supply of the digitalvideo signal S8, and performs coding processing such as elimination ofthe sync signal and data compression of the digital video signal togenerate a recording digital video signal S9 and supplies it to thewrite unit 27.

The sync separator 22 of the recording device 20 of this embodimentreceives supply of the A/D converted video signal S8, extracts thehorizontal sync signal and vertical sync signal contained in the videosignal S8, and supplies them to the PN code generator 23.

The PN code generator 23 generates the PN code generation start timingsignal T1 and clock signal CLK based on the horizontal sync signal, andgenerates the PN code inversion timing signal HT2 based on the referencesignal of the vertical sync signal in the same way as the PN codegenerator 15 of the output device 10 described herein above. The PN codegeneration timing signal T1, clock signal CLK, and PN code inversiontiming signal HT2 generated herein provide the same corresponding timingsignal in the output device 10 to the video signal S8.

Therefore, in the SS anti-duplication control signal detector 25 of therecording device 20, the generation of the anti-duplication controlsignal starts at the same timing as that of the PN inversion code S6used for spectral spreading in the output device 10, and a PN inversioncode S13, the chip of which PN inversion code S13 is inverted at thesame timing, is generated. Inversion spectral spreading is performedusing the PN inversion code S13.

The anti-duplication control signal S14 which is extracted in the SSanti-duplication control signal detector 25 is supplied to theduplication controller 26, and duplication control of the video signalS8 on the recording medium 200 is performed correspondingly to theanti-duplication control signal.

As described herein above, the recording device 20 of this embodimentstarts generation of the PN code every one horizontal interval, andperforms inversion spectral spreading using the PN inversion code S13generated by inverting the chip of the PN code on an alternate onevertical interval.

For inversion spectral spreading, as described herein above, bymultiplying the video signal S8 by the PN inversion code S13 and byperforming integral processing on the result, the anti-duplicationcontrol signal which is spectrally spread and superimposed on the videosignal is extracted. In the inversion spectral spreading, the polarityof the video signal S8 is inverted every one vertical interval becausethe PN inversion code S13 is multiplied.

The video signal is a signal which has a high correlation betweenadjacent fields as described hereinbefore. Therefore, the video signalcomponents on the adjacent fields which are different in polarity canceleach other and offset by performing integral processing when inversionspectral spreading is performed.

As described herein above, the anti-duplication control signal which issubjected to spectral spreading and superimposed on the video signal isextracted accurately and quickly without adverse effect of the videosignal component.

Accordingly, spread gain can be reduced also in this embodiment to thesame extent as attained in the case that the value of the PN code isinverted in the PN code of one chip as described herein above.

Further in this embodiment, the spectrally spread anti-duplicationcontrol signal is superimposed on the video signal using the PNinversion code which is subjected to chip inversion every one verticalinterval. In this case, the polarity of the anti-duplication controlsignal which is multiplied by the PN inversion code changes every onevertical interval similarly. Therefore, the brightness change of theanti-duplication control signal which is superimposed on the adjacentfield having the opposite polarity is averaged because of mutuallydifferent polarity. The visual interference on the image due to thesuperimposed anti-duplication control signal is diminished when thevideo signal on which the anti-duplication control signal issuperimposed is played back.

In this embodiment, for the purpose of description, generation of the PNcode is started every one horizontal interval based on the horizontalsync signal, and the chip of the PN code is inverted on an alternate onevertical interval, however, the present invention is by no means limitedto the case.

For example, as shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C, the PN code inversion timingsignal HT3 having one period of 4 vertical intervals (FIG. 10B) based onthe front end of the vertical sync signal (FIG. 10A) is generated andused. By using the PN code inversion timing signal HT3 shown in FIG.10B, the chip of the PN code is inverted on alternate two verticalintervals.

The PN code inversion timing signal HT3 having one period of 4 verticalintervals is not limited to the signal shown in FIG. 10B, alternatively,the PN code inversion timing signal HT3 having the phase displaced byone vertical interval may be generated and used as shown in FIG. 10C.

As described herein above, by generating such a PN code inversion timingsignal HT3 having one period of 4 vertical intervals in the PN codeinversion timing signal generator 154 of the PN code generators 15 and23 of the output device 10 and recording device 20, the chip of the PNcode is inverted on alternate two vertical intervals.

In this case, the video signal is a signal having a high correlationbetween adjacent frames, and the video signal component between adjacentframes which are differentiated in polarity by multiplying the PN codewhen inversion spectral spreading is performed can be canceled.Therefore also in this case, the anti-duplication control signal whichis subjected to spectral spreading and superimposed on the video signalis extracted accurately and quickly.

Of course, because the polarity of the spectrally spreadanti-duplication control signal is inverted every frame by multiplyingthe PN inversion code, the brightness change of the anti-duplicationcontrol signal superimposed on the adjacent frames is inverted inpolarity, and average each other, and the anti-duplication controlsignal superimposed on the video signal becomes diminished and does notcause a visual interference.

As described herein above, the PN inversion code may be generated sothat the chip is inverted every interval range in which the video signalis correlative. Thereby, the video signal components having oppositepolarity in the adjacent intervals offset each other, theanti-duplication control signal which is subjected to spectral spreadingand is superimposed on the video signal is extracted accurately andquickly, and the anti-duplication control signal which is subjected tospectral spreading using the PN inversion code does not deteriorate theimage.

In this embodiment, the PN code start timing signal T1 is generatedbased on the horizontal sync signal, and the PN code inversion timingsignal HT 2 is generated based on the vertical sync signal, however, thepresent invention is by no means limited to the case.

In another manner, the PN code start timing signal T1 may be generatedbased on the vertical sync signal and the PN code inversion timingsignal HT may be generated based on the horizontal sync signal. Forexample, generation of the PN code is started every one verticalinterval so that the PN code chip is inverted on an alternate onehorizontal interval.

Of course, generation of the PN code may be started every two verticalintervals so that the PN code chip value is inverted on alternate twohorizontal intervals, or generation of the PN code may be started everyone vertical interval so that the PN code chip value is inverted onalternate two horizontal intervals.

In the case that the PN code chip value is inverted at the timing basedon the horizontal sync signal as described herein above, because thevideo signal component is canceled due to correlation between horizontalscanning lines of the video signal (line correlation), theanti-duplication control signal which is subjected to spectral spreadingand superimposed on the video signal is extracted accurately and quicklyas described herein above.

The PN code generation start timing is not limited to theabove-mentioned case of every one horizontal interval or every twohorizontal intervals, generation of the PN code may be started everyplurality of horizontal intervals such as every three horizontalintervals, or every four horizontal intervals.

Of course, in the case that the PNcode start timing signal is generatedbased on the vertical sync signal, the PN code generation may be startedevery one vertical interval or every two vertical intervals, or the PNcode generation may be started every plurality of vertical intervalssuch as three vertical intervals or four vertical intervals.

Further, the PN code generation may be started every one-over-a-plural(1/plural) horizontal interval or every one-over-a-plural (1/plural)vertical interval such as every ½ horizontal interval, every ¼horizontal interval, every ½ vertical interval, or every ¼ verticalinterval.

Similar to the PN code generation start timing, the PN code inversiontiming is by no means limited to the inversion on an alternate onehorizontal interval and on alternate two horizontal intervals, the PNcode chip may be inverted on alternate plurality of horizontal intervalssuch as on alternate three horizontal intervals or on alternate fourhorizontal intervals.

Of course, in the case that the PN code inversion timing signal isgenerated based on the vertical sync signal, the PN code chip isinverted on an alternate one vertical interval or on alternate twovertical intervals, or the PN code chip is inverted on alternateplurality of vertical intervals such as on alternate three verticalintervals or four vertical intervals.

Alternatively, the PN code generation may be started on an alternate 1/N(N is an integer of two or larger) horizontal interval or on analternate 1/N vertical interval such as on an alternate ½ horizontalinterval, on an alternate ¼ horizontal interval, on an alternate ½vertical interval, or on an alternate ¼ vertical interval.

Further, by generating the PN code start timing signal (FIG. 11C) whichstarts generation of the PN code every specified horizontal interval(FIG. 11B) in each vertical interval (FIG. 11A) as shown in FIG. 11, thePN code generation may be started every predetermined horizontalinterval between each vertical interval.

In this case, in the PN code start timing signal generator 151 of the PNcode generators 15 and 23 of the output device 10 and recording device20, the PN code start timing signal T1 may be generated using both thevertical sync signal and horizontal sync signal.

In this case, the PN code chip may be inverted at the inversion timingin one PN code chip, or the PN code chip may be inverted based on thehorizontal sync signal or vertical sync signal such as on an alternateone vertical interval or on an alternate one horizontal interval.

Both the PN code start timing and the PN code inversion timing may beset using the horizontal sync signal or vertical sync signal, and mayhave different periods respectively.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the PN code start timing signal T1and PN code inversion timing signals HT2 and HT3 are generated based onthe front end of the video sync signal, however, the present inventionis by no means limited to the case, rather the phase of signals may berelatively shifted differently between the respective signals, forexample, the signals may be generated based on positions which areshifted on alternate clocks respectively from the front end of the videosync signal.

In the above-mentioned embodiment, the case of the anaog connection thatanalog video signals are supplied from the output device to therecording device is described for convenience of description, however,the present invention may be applied to the case of digital connection.

Further in the above-mentioned embodiment, the output device 10 andrecording device 20 are DVD devices for the purpose of description,however, the output device and recording device are by no means limitedto the DVD device, but the present invention may be applied to the casethat the output device and recording device are VTR, digital VTR, videodisk, and video CD. In other words, the present invention may be appliedto analog devices such as an analog VTR and also to digital devices suchas DVD.

Further in the above-mentioned embodiment, the case that theanti-duplication control signal added to the video signal of therecording medium 100 is extracted, subjected to spectral spreading usingthe PN inversion code S6, and superimposed on the video signal to besupplied to the recording device 20 is described, however instead, therecording medium on which the spectrally spread anti-duplication controlsignal is previously superimposed may be used.

In the case of the recording medium on which the previously spectrallyspread anti-duplication control signal is previously superimposed asdescribed herein above, extraction of the anti-duplication controlsignal, spectral spreading of the anti-duplication control signal, andsuperimposition of the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signalon the video signal are not necessary unlike the above-mentioned outputdevice 10.

In this case, in the recording device 20, generation of the PN code isstarted at the same timing as that of the PN inversion code used forspectral spreading of the anti-duplication control signal which issubjected to spectral spreading and superimposed previously on the videosignal recorded on the recording medium, and inversion spectralspreading may be performed using the PN inversion code which inverts thechip value every same timing.

In the case that the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signalis previously superimposed on the video signal recorded on the recordingmedium as described herein above, processing on the anti-duplicationcontrol signal can be eliminated in the output device as describedherein above, and as long as the recording device side is provided withthe function to perform inversion spectral spreading and to extract theanti-duplication control signal, the anti-duplication control signalsuperimposed previously on the video signal is extracted effectively andduplication control is performed.

The structure wherein an anti-duplication control signal generator isprovided in the output device, the anti-duplication control signalgenerated in the output device is subjected to spectral spreading usingthe PN inversion code and superimposed on the video signal and thenoutputted, may be used.

In the case that such structure is used, under the conditions that theanti-duplication control signal is not recorded originally on therecording medium and that the spectrally spread anti-duplication controlsignal is not superimposed, duplication control can be performed in therecording device using the anti-duplication control signal which isgenerated in the output device and to be superimposed on the videosignal.

Alternatively, the following processing may be used instead of theprocess used in the above-mentioned embodiment that the chip of the PNinversion code is inverted every timing based on the video sync signal.

For example, the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal ispreviously superimposed on an alternate one field of the video signal.When inversion spectral spreading of the recording device is performed,the video signal on which the spectrally spread anti-duplication controlsignal is superimposed is multiplied by the PN code having the samegeneration start timing and the same generation speed as those of the PNcode used for spectral spreading in the playback device, thereinafter,subtraction processing is performed between the video signal of thefield on which the anti-duplication control signal is superimposed andthe video signal of the adjacent field on which the anti-duplicationcontrol signal is not superimposed.

Thereby, the video signal components of the adjacent fields (verticalinterval) having a high correlation are canceled, and theanti-duplication control signal superimposed on the video signal isextracted efficiently. Of course such substraction processing may beperformed between adjacent frames, between adjacent horizontal intervals(horizontal line), between adjacent pixels, or between a plurality ofneighboring pixels.

Further in the above-mentioned embodiment, the case that the outputdevice and recording device are DVD devices of a anti-duplicationcontrol device is described, however, the present invention is by nomeans limited to the case. For example, the present invention may beapplied to the output device of the broadcasting station side fortransmitting the television signal on which the spectrally spreadanti-duplication control signal is superimposed. On the receiving side,it is possible to perform inversion spectral spreading and then extractthe anti-duplication control signal which is superimposed on the videosignal so that anti-duplication control is performed based on theanti-duplication control signal.

Of course the present invention may be applied to the output device andreception device for transmitting and receiving an image in the casethat the analog video signal is transmitted/received through a cable asin the cable television system.

As described hereinbefore, according to the image transmission method,image anti-duplication method, image anti-duplication device, and imagerecording medium in accordance with the present invention, because thespreading code is generated at the timing based on the video syncsignal, the spreading code generation can be started at the same timingas that of the video sync signal on the output side and reception sideof the video signal. Thus inversion spectral spreading in the recordingdevice is performed quickly.

Further, each chip of the spreading code used for spectral spreading andof the spreading code for inversion spreading used for inversionspectral spreading is divided into a plurality of divided chips, theinversion spreading code in that the original spreading code chip valueis inverted (chip inversion) every such divided interval is generated,and this inversion spreading code is used for spectral spreading andalso for inversion spectral spreading. Thereby, when inversion spectralspreading is performed, the polarity of the video signal component isinverted correspondingly to chip inversion of the spreading code.Therefore, by performing integral processing for inversion spectralspreading, the video signal component of the adjacent divided intervalshaving the inverted polarity of each other is canceled, and thus theadditional information which is subjected to spectral spreading andsuperimposed on the video signal (anti-duplication control signal) isextracted without severe adverse effect of the video signal component.

Thereby, inversion spectral spreading is performed accurately andquickly, detection efficiency of additional information which issubjected to spectral spreading and superimposed on the video signal isimproved, and spread gain is reduced when performing spectral spreading.

Further, the polarity of the anti-duplication control signal which issubjected to spectral spreading by multiplying the inversion spreadingcode is inverted correspondingly to the spreading code. Therefore,because the brightness change of the adjacent anti-duplication controlsignals having different polarity is averaged, the video signal is notdeteriorated in spite of the video signal on which the anti-duplicationcontrol signal is superimposed.

Further, in the case that generation of the spreading code is started atthe timing based on the horizontal sync signal and the spreading codechip value is inverted at the timing based on the vertical sync signal,conversely, also in the case that generation of spreading code isstarted at the timing based on the vertical sync signal and thespreading code chip is inverted at the timing based on the horizontalsignal, the detection efficiency of the additional information isimproved and spread gain is reduced as described herein above. Theadditional information which is subjected to spectral spreading andsuperimposed on the video signal is reduced visually, and the additionalinformation does not cause visual interference.

What is claimed is:
 1. A video signal transmission method fortransmitting a video signal superimposed with a spectrally spreadadditional information signal, comprising the steps of: generating aspreading code for spectral spreading at a timing based on a sync signalof said video signal; generating a first inversion spreading code formedby dividing an interval of each of a plurality of chips of saidspreading code into a plurality of N, N being an integer of at least 2,divided intervals and by allocating alternately a value of each of saidplurality of chips and an inverted value of said value of said each ofsaid plurality of chips to said plurality of N divided intervals;performing spectral spreading on an additional information signal usingsaid first inversion spreading code; and superimposing the spectrallyspread additional information signal on the video signal.
 2. The videosignal transmission method as set forth in claim 1, wherein thespreading code for spectral spreading is generated for each of aplurality of sync signals of the video signal.
 3. The video signaltransmission method as set forth in claim 1, wherein said video signaltransmission method further comprises the steps of: receiving the videosignal including the spreading code for spectral spreading; detectingthe sync signal from the received video signal; generating a secondinversion spreading code for inversion spectral spreading correspondingto the first inversion spreading code based on the detected sync signal;and extracting the additional information signal by performing inversionspectral spreading on the received video signal using said secondinversion spreading code for inversion spectral spreading.
 4. The videosignal transmission method as set forth in claim 3, wherein theadditional information signal is a duplication control signal, and saidvideo signal transmission method further comprises the step of:controlling one of recording inhibition on a recording medium, recordingpermission, and recording restriction on a number of recordings based onsaid duplication control signal.
 5. A video signal output devicecomprising: spreading code generation means for generating a spreadingcode for spectral spreading at a timing based on a sync signal of avideo signal; inversion spreading code generation means for generating afirst inversion spreading code formed by dividing an interval of each ofa plurality of chips of said spreading code into a plurality of N, Nbeing an integer of at least 2, divided intervals and by allocatingalternately a value of each of said plurality of chips and an invertedvalue of said value of said each of said plurality of chips to saidplurality of N divided intervals; spectral spreading means forperforming spectral spreading on an additional information signal usingsaid first inversion spreading code; superimposing means forsuperimposing the spectrally spread additional information signal on thevideo signal; and output means for outputting the video signalsuperimposed with the spectrally spread additional information signal.6. The video signal output device as set forth in claim 5, wherein thespreading code for spectral spreading is generated for each of aplurality of sync signals of the video signal.
 7. The video signaloutput device as set forth in claim 5, wherein the additionalinformation signal is a duplication control signal for controlling oneof recording inhibition on a recording medium, recording permission, andrecording restriction on a number of recordings.
 8. A video signalreceiving device for receiving an analog video signal superimposed witha spectrally spread additional information signal using a firstinversion spreading code formed by dividing an interval of each of aplurality of chips of a spreading code for spectral spreading generatedat a timing based on a sync signal of the analog video signal into aplurality of N, N being an integer of at least 2, divided intervals andby allocating alternately a value of each of said plurality of chips andan inverted value of said value of said each of said plurality of chipsto said plurality of N divided intervals, comprising: sync detectionmeans for detecting the sync signal from the received analog videosignal; inversion spreading code generation means for generating asecond inversion spreading code for inversion spectral spreadingcorresponding to the first inversion spreading code based on thedetected sync signal; and inversion spectral spreading means forperforming inversion spectral spreading on the received analog videosignal using said second inversion spreading code for inversion spectralspreading, and for extracting the additional information signal.
 9. Thevideo signal receiving device as set forth in claim 8, wherein thespreading code for spectral spreading is generated for each of aplurality of sync signals of the analog video signal.
 10. The videosignal receiving device as set forth in claim 8, wherein the additionalinformation signal is a duplication control signal, and said videosignal receiving device further includes duplication control means forcontrolling one of recording inhibition on a recording medium, recordingpermission, and recording restriction on a number of recordingsdependently on said duplication control signal.
 11. A video signalduplication control system comprising: a video signal output device foroutputting a video signal; and a video signal receiving device forreceiving the video signal and for recording the video signal on arecording medium, wherein said video signal output device includesspreading code generation means for generating a spreading code forspectral spreading at a timing based on a sync signal of the videosignal, inversion spreading code generation means for generating a firstinversion spreading code formed by dividing an interval of each of aplurality of chips of said spreading code into a plurality of N, N beingan integer of at least 2, divided intervals and by allocatingalternately a value of each of said plurality of chips and an invertedvalue of said value of said each of said plurality of chips to saidplurality of N divided intervals, spectral spreading means forperforming spectral spreading on a duplication control signal forcontrolling one of recording inhibition on a recording medium, recordingpermission, and recording restriction on a number of recordings usingsaid first inversion spreading code, superimposing means forsuperimposing a spectrally spread additional information signal on thevideo signal, wherein said spectrally spread additional informationsignal is said duplication control signal and output means foroutputting the video signal superimposed with the spectrally spreadadditional information signal, and wherein said video signal receivingmeans includes reception means for receiving the video signal outputtedfrom the output means, sync detection means for detecting the syncsignal from the received video signal, inversion spreading codegeneration means for generating a second inversion spreading code forinversion spectral spreading corresponding to the first inversionspreading code based on the detected sync signal, inversion spectralspreading means for extracting the received duplication control signalusing said second inversion spreading code for inversion spectralspreading and duplication control means for controlling recording of thevideo signal on the recording medium based on the extracted duplicationcontrol signal.
 12. An information superimposition extraction systemcomprising: an information superimposition device for superimposing anadditional information signal on a video signal; and an informationextraction device for extracting the additional information signal fromthe video signal, wherein said information superimposition deviceincludes spreading code generation means for generating a spreading codefor spectral spreading at a timing based on a sync signal of the videosignal, inversion spreading code generation means for generating a firstinversion spreading code formed by dividing an interval of each of aplurality of chips of said spreading code into a plurality of N, N beingan integer of at least 2, divided intervals and by allocatingalternately a value of each of said plurality of chips and an invertedvalue of said value of said each of said plurality of chips to saidplurality of N divided intervals, spectral spreading means forperforming spectral spreading on the additional information signal to besuperimposed on the video signal using said first inversion spreadingcode, superimposing means for superimposing the spectrally spreadadditional information signal on the video signal and output means foroutputting the video signal superimposed with the spectrally spreadadditional information signal, and wherein said information extractiondevice includes reception means for receiving the video signal outputtedfrom the output means, sync detection means for detecting the syncsignal from the received video signal, inversion spreading codegeneration means for generating a second inversion spreading code forinversion spectral spreading corresponding to the first inversionspreading code based on the detected sync signal and inversion spectralspreading means for extracting the additional information signal fromthe video signal by performing inversion spectral spreading on thereceived video signal using said second inversion spreading code forinversion spectral spreading.
 13. A recording medium for recording avideo signal, wherein said video signal is superimposed with aspectrally spread additional information signal using an inversionspreading code formed by dividing an interval of each of a plurality ofchips of a spreading code generated based on a sync signal of the videosignal into a plurality of N, N being an integer of at least 2, dividedintervals and by allocating alternately a value of each of saidplurality of chips and an inverted value of said value of said each ofsaid plurality of chips to said plurality of N divided intervals.
 14. Avideo signal transmission method for transmitting a video signalsuperimposed with a spectrally spread additional information signal,comprising the steps of: generating a spreading code for spectralspreading at a timing based on one of a horizontal sync signal and avertical sync signal of the video signal; generating a first inversionspreading code by inverting a phase of the spreading code at the timingbased on the other of said one of said horizontal sync signal and saidvertical sync signal of the video signal; performing spectral spreadingon an additional information signal using said first inversion spreadingcode; and superimposing the spectrally spread additional informationsignal on the video signal.
 15. The video signal transmission method asset forth in claim 14, wherein said video signal transmission methodfurther comprises: receiving the video signal superimposed with thespectrally spread additional information signal; detecting thehorizontal sync signal and said vertical sync signal from the receivedvideo signal; generating a second inversion spreading code for inversionspectral spreading corresponding to the first inversion spreading codebased on the detected horizontal sync signal and said detected verticalsync signal; and extracting the additional information signal byperforming inversion spectral spreading on the received video signalusing said second inversion spreading code for inversion spectralspreading.
 16. The video signal transmission method as set forth inclaim 15, wherein the additional information signal is a duplicationcontrol signal, and said video signal transmission method furthercomprises the step of: controlling one of recording inhibition on arecording medium, recording permission, and recording restriction on anumber of recordings based on said duplication control signal.
 17. Avideo signal output device comprising: spreading code generation meansfor generating a spreading code for spectral spreading at a timing basedon one of a horizontal sync signal and a vertical sync signal of a videosignal; inversion spreading code generation means for generating a firstinversion spreading code by inverting a phase of the spreading code atthe timing based on the other of said one of said horizontal sync signaland said vertical sync signal of the video signal; spectral spreadingmeans for performing spectral spreading on an additional informationsignal using said first inversion spreading code generated by saidinversion spreading code generation means; superimposition means forsuperimposing the spectrally spread additional information signal on thevideo signal; and output means for outputting the video signalsuperimposed with the spectrally spread additional information signal.18. The video signal output device as set forth in claim 17, wherein theadditional information signal is a duplication control signal forcontrolling one of recording inhibition on a recording medium, recordingpermission, and recording restriction on a number of recordings.
 19. Avideo signal reception device for receiving an analog video signalsuperimposed with an additional information signal spectrally spreadusing a first inversion spreading code formed by inverting a phase of aspreading code for spectral spreading generated at a timing based on oneof the horizontal sync signal and vertical sync signal of the analogvideo signal at the timing based on the other of said one of saidhorizontal sync signal and said vertical sync signal, comprising: syncdetection means for detecting the horizontal sync signal and saidvertical sync signal from the received analog video signal; inversionspreading code generating means for generating a second inversionspreading code for inversion spectral spreading corresponding to thefirst inversion spreading code based on one of the detected horizontalsync signal and said vertical sync signal; and inversion spectralspreading means for performing inversion spectral spreading on thereceived video signal and for extracting an additional informationsignal using said second inversion spreading code for inversion spectralspreading.
 20. The video signal reception device as set forth in claim19, wherein said video signal reception device further includesduplication control means for controlling one of recording inhibition ona recording medium, recording permission, and recording restriction on anumber of recordings dependently on a duplication control signal.
 21. Avideo signal duplication control system comprising: a video signaloutput device for outputting a video signal; and a video signalreception device for receiving the video signal and recording the videosignal on a recording medium, wherein said video signal output deviceincludes spreading code generation means for generating a spreading codefor spectral spreading at a timing based on one of a horizontal syncsignal and a vertical sync signal of the video signal, inversionspreading code generation means for generating a first inversionspreading code by inverting a phase of the spreading code at the timingbased on the other of said one of said horizontal sync signal and saidvertical sync signal of the video signal, spectral spreading means forperforming spectral spreading on a duplication control signal forcontrolling one of recording inhibition on a recording medium, recordingpermission, and recording restriction on a number of recordings usingsaid first inversion spreading code generated by said inversionspreading code generation means, superimposition means for superimposinga spectrally spread additional information signal on the video signal,wherein said spectrally spread additional information signal is saidduplication control signal and output means for outputting the videosignal superimposed with the spectrally spread additional informationsignal, and wherein said video signal reception device includes syncdetection means for detecting the horizontal sync signal and saidvertical sync signal from the received video signal, inversion spreadingcode generating means for generating a second inversion spreading codefor inversion spectral spreading corresponding to the first inversionspreading code based on one of the detected horizontal sync signal andsaid detected vertical sync signal, inversion spectral spreading meansfor performing inversion spectral spreading on the received video signaland for extracting the additional information signal using said secondinversion spreading code for inversion spectral spreading andduplication control means for controlling recording of the video signalon the recording medium based on the extracted duplication controlsignal.
 22. An information superimposition extraction system comprising:an information superimposition device for superimposing an additionalinformation signal on a video signal; and an information extractiondevice for extracting the additional information signal from the videosignal, wherein said information superimposition device includesspreading code generation means for generating a spreading code forspectral spreading at a timing based on one of a horizontal sync signaland a vertical sync signal of the video signal, inversion spreading codegeneration means for generating a first inversion spreading code byinverting a phase of the spreading code at the timing based on the otherof said one of said horizontal sync signal and said vertical sync signalof the video signal, spectral spreading means for performing spectralspreading on the additional information signal using said firstinversion spreading code generated by said inversion spreading codegeneration means, superimposition means for superimposing the spectrallyspread additional information signal on the video signal and outputmeans for outputting the video signal superimposed with the spectrallyspread additional information signal, and wherein said informationextraction device includes reception means for receiving the videosignal outputted from the information superimposition device, syncdetection means for detecting the horizontal sync signal and saidvertical sync signal from the received video signal, inversion spreadingcode generating means for generating a second inversion spreading codefor inversion spectral spreading corresponding to the first inversionspreading code based on one of the detected horizontal sync signal andsaid detected vertical sync signal and inversion spectral spreadingmeans for extracting the additional information signal from the videosignal by performing inversion spectral spreading on the received videosignal using said second inversion spreading code for inversion spectralspreading.